Roman Cieśliński
Articles
Characteristics of selected hydrological features of coastal lakes as these reflect climate change
Przegląd Geograficzny (2024) tom 96, zeszyt 3, pp. 367-394 | 
Full text
doi: https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2024.3.4
Abstract
This paper offers a synthetic account of selected hydrological and physical characteristics of two coastal lakes in Poland, under the apparent influence of changes to be observed in elements of climate. The focus was on those characteristics whose changes can affect lake morphometry and water resources significantly. The two coastal lakes in Poland selected for study were Lakes Gardno and Łebsko, both of which are situated in the area of Słowiński National Park. To achieve the objective, it was necessary to analyse the parameters shaping the lakes’ resources, also as a reflection of their respective positions in the catchment of, and in hydraulic connectivity with, the main drainage base, i.e. that of the Baltic Sea. The parameters characterised were therefore: precipitation, potamic inflow, lake levels and fluctuations in levels, and seaward alimentation. All of these aspects were considered in relation to the 50‑year period of 1961‑2010. The study also considered processes occurring in the lake basins themselves (surface changes, shallowing), as well as physical properties of the water (temperature, ice).
In the event, it emerged that the work was unable to establish unequivocally the directions in which the two studied lakes could be thought to be evolving. There are nevertheless many indications that the anticipated process of transformation over a geological timescale will be accelerated, resulting in the final (disappearance) stage being reached much faster than would be expected from the natural, harmonic process of ageing of lakes. Leaving aside the fact of human influence in the context, many studied parameters describing the hydrological and physical properties of the two lakes could be regarded as manifesting trends correlated with global warming.
On the one hand, the recorded increases in potassium inflows equal to 0.20 m3·s-1/10 years (along the River Łupawa) and 0.27 m3·s-1/10 years (along the River Łeba), as well as in sea level (equal to 1.6‑1.8 cm/10 years), offer a guarantee of stable water resources forming in the lakes, and should denote increased water levels. In the event, however, the research actually shows the two lakes reacting differently to supply, to the extent that the negative trend for water level in Lake Gardno (of ‑0.17 cm/10 years) contrasts with the positive one noted for Lake Łebsko (equal to 1.40 cm/10 years).
On the other hand, volumes of water retained naturally could be expected to be impaired by observed increases in air temperature – and consequently water temperature, as well as frequently occurring droughts, increased water losses due to evaporation, and unfavourable morphometric features of the lakes. Furthermore, increased supply of sediments by rivers as a consequence of increased flow would be expected to bring about reductions in area, with faster overgrowth taking place. Reed communities at present occupy 4.1% of Lake Gardno and 9.1% of Lake Łebsko. Since 1836, the lakes are estimated to have shrunk by some 237 ha (9.1%) in the case of Lake Gardno, and 546 ha (7.2%) in the case of Lake Łebsko.
Meanwhile, positive trends for water temperature in both lakes resulted in a decline in the number of days with ice phenomena over the 50‑year study period – from over 100 to just 50‑60.
Keywords: coastal lakes, Słowiński National Park, Poland, climate change, quantity of water, bathymetry, statistical trends
[roman.cieslinski@ug.edu.pl], Uniwersytet Gdański, Wydział Oceanografii i Geografii
[izabela.chlost@ug.edu.pl], Uniwersytet Gdański, Wydział Oceanografii i Geografii
Citation
APA: Cieśliński, R., & Chlost, I. (2024). Charakterystyka wybranych cech hydrologicznych jezior przymorskich jako konsekwencja zmiany klimatu. Przegląd Geograficzny, 96(3), 367-394. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2024.3.4
MLA: Cieśliński, Roman, and Chlost, Izabela. "Charakterystyka wybranych cech hydrologicznych jezior przymorskich jako konsekwencja zmiany klimatu". Przegląd Geograficzny, vol. 96, no. 3, 2024, pp. 367-394. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2024.3.4
Chicago: Cieśliński, Roman, and Chlost, Izabela. "Charakterystyka wybranych cech hydrologicznych jezior przymorskich jako konsekwencja zmiany klimatu". Przegląd Geograficzny 96, no. 3 (2024): 367-394. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2024.3.4
Harvard: Cieśliński, R., & Chlost, I. 2024. "Charakterystyka wybranych cech hydrologicznych jezior przymorskich jako konsekwencja zmiany klimatu". Przegląd Geograficzny, vol. 96, no. 3, pp. 367-394. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2024.3.4
Przegląd Geograficzny (2021) tom 93, zeszyt 1, pp. 59-81 | Full text
doi: https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2021.1.4
Abstract
Zagłębienia bezodpływowe są ważnym i stałym elementem krajobrazu młodoglacjalnego. Zajmują znaczny odsetek powierzchni. Niekiedy tego typu zagłębienia są wypełnione wodą i wtedy tworzą zbiorniki – oczka. Każde zagłębienie ma własną powierzchniową zlewnię bezodpływową. Ze względu na ograniczony obieg materii w tego typu zagłębieniach często dochodzi do nadmiernej akumulacji składników biogennych. Dlatego podstawowym celem prowadzonych badań było rozpoznanie źródeł pochodzenia biogenów takich jak azotany, jony amonowe i fosforany oraz określenie ich zakresu zmienności w małych śródpolnych oczkach zlokalizowanych w zlewniach dwóch rzek Polski Północnej – Parsęty i Borucinki.
Keywords: Polska Północna, biogeny, oczka, skład chemiczny
[maciej.major@amu.edu.pl], Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, Stacja Zintegrowanego Monitoringu Środowiska Przyrodniczego „Poznań-Morasko”; Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, Instytut Geoekologii i Geoinformacji
[pietruszynski@gmail.com], Uniwersytet Gdański, Wydział Oceanografii i Geografii
[roman.cieslinski@ug.edu.pl], Uniwersytet Gdański, Wydział Oceanografii i Geografii
Citation
APA: Major, M., Pietruszyński, ., & Cieśliński, R. (2021). Zróżnicowanie przestrzenne wybranych składników biogennych w śródpolnych oczkach w Polsce Północnej. Przegląd Geograficzny, 93(1), 59-81. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2021.1.4
MLA: Major, Maciej, et al. "Zróżnicowanie przestrzenne wybranych składników biogennych w śródpolnych oczkach w Polsce Północnej". Przegląd Geograficzny, vol. 93, no. 1, 2021, pp. 59-81. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2021.1.4
Chicago: Major, Maciej, Pietruszyński, Łukasz, and Cieśliński, Roman. "Zróżnicowanie przestrzenne wybranych składników biogennych w śródpolnych oczkach w Polsce Północnej". Przegląd Geograficzny 93, no. 1 (2021): 59-81. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2021.1.4
Harvard: Major, M., Pietruszyński, ., & Cieśliński, R. 2021. "Zróżnicowanie przestrzenne wybranych składników biogennych w śródpolnych oczkach w Polsce Północnej". Przegląd Geograficzny, vol. 93, no. 1, pp. 59-81. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2021.1.4
The impact of human activities on hydrographic changes in selected wetlands
Przegląd Geograficzny (2017) tom 89, zeszyt 3, pp. 451-466 | Full text
doi: https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2017.3.6
Abstract The aim of the work described here has been to determine the long-term impact of human activities on wetlands. Consideration has been given to such aspects as the development of the drainage network, peat extraction and restoration. The study selected two Nature Reserve wetlands, i.e. the Pobłockie Bog and Kurze Grzędy, both located in the Baltic Sea basin in northern Poland. Both areas were subject to a search for relevant literature and sources in the form of historical maps from the last century, as well as contemporary topographic and thematic maps. Supplementary fieldwork was also carried out (in 2013), as regards the verification of the existing hydrographic and hydraulic engineering network in the area under investigation. The greatest past impact on the analysed wetlands was exerted by a network of ditches and irrigation channels. This revision of the hydrographic network caused departures from the natural water cycle, as drainage became excessive in the face of the loss of the natural drainage system. The consequence was drying and rotting of bog surfaces, with the replacement of original plant species with those of differing requirements as regards hydrological regimes. Attempts to restore more natural water relations to the bogs have been made recently, with appropriate treatment raising the level of groundwater, in order to encourage improved functioning. A measurable effect of this is a reduced number of ditches and irrigation channels, for example from 13.3 to 1.48 km since 2000 in the case of Pobłockie Bog. Hydrographic change associated with drainage of peat deposits is considered the most important reason for changes in swamp habitats, and notably their vegetation. Some plant species have been replaced by others, with certain plant species requiring damp conditions (notably cross-leaved heath Erica tetralix) disappearing altogether with the lowering of the water table. Long-term drainage and the construction of new drainage ditches have led to the encroachment of bog woodland on the originally treeless bog. The effect is a loss of large bog areas, replaced by forest communities. The analysed bogs present clearly visible changes in the hydrographic network. Over the years the formerly waterlogged area has been transformed by human activity from a naturally treeless wetland to a desiccated region with only a small amount of water. The area was drained so that land for agriculture could be acquired, but the area was also used as a source of peat. With the passage of time, human overexploitation of the area ceased, and the approach taken to wetlands today is entirely different from that in place a few decades ago. The uniqueness of these kinds of wetlands has come to be appreciated, and an attempt has thus been made to restore a more natural appearance and function to the areas under study, among others. The first effects of the attempts to repair the environment in the area can now be seen in increasing soil moisture, a shallower water table, and an increased area with permanently visible standing water. Such a rapid pace of change in water conditions has been achieved, not only through human activity, but also by way of a natural factor that is the activity of beavers (Castor fiber).
Keywords: mokradła, torfowiska, obieg wody, sieć hydrograficzna, rowy melioracyjne, drenaż
[roman.cieslinski@ug.edu.pl], Uniwersytet Gdański, Wydział Oceanografii i Geografii
Citation
APA: Sikora, M., & Cieśliński, R. (2017). Wpływ działalności człowieka na zmiany hydrograficzne wybranych mokradeł. Przegląd Geograficzny, 89(3), 451-466. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2017.3.6
MLA: Sikora, Magda, and Cieśliński, Roman. "Wpływ działalności człowieka na zmiany hydrograficzne wybranych mokradeł". Przegląd Geograficzny, vol. 89, no. 3, 2017, pp. 451-466. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2017.3.6
Chicago: Sikora, Magda, and Cieśliński, Roman. "Wpływ działalności człowieka na zmiany hydrograficzne wybranych mokradeł". Przegląd Geograficzny 89, no. 3 (2017): 451-466. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2017.3.6
Harvard: Sikora, M., & Cieśliński, R. 2017. "Wpływ działalności człowieka na zmiany hydrograficzne wybranych mokradeł". Przegląd Geograficzny, vol. 89, no. 3, pp. 451-466. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2017.3.6