Przegląd Geograficzny (2016) tom 88, zeszyt 2
Articles
Przegląd Geograficzny (2016) tom 88, zeszyt 2, pp. 137-157 | 
Full text
doi: https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2016.2.1
Abstract Poland is a peculiar example of country which had a very rich tradition of being one of Europe’s most multicultural societies, and at the same time most tolerant and open to “others”, notwithstanding a contemporary history characterised by a notable degree of national and religious homogeneity, as well as the aversion of a large part of society (and some political parties) to immigrants, especially those from beyond European culture. This is also visible in any attempt to outline contemporary geographical research in multiculturalism, as well as its presence in geographical education. The following general conclusions could be formulated on the basis of the analysis carried out: – The vast majority of research topics taken up concern relics of the former Polish multiculturalism – small and strongly integrated national, ethnic and religious minorities, cultural heritage attesting to the rich and proud history of Poland, and the presence of Polish culture and tradition in eastern borderland regions that lives on through centres of Polish minorities. Overall, it is what might be described as “sentimental multiculturalism” (internal, historical, traditional and indigenous); – The same relationship can be seen in school-level geographical education, which shows Polish multiculturalism through the lens of centuries-old, but currently scarce national and religious diversity, as well as the migration of Poles to the United Kingdom. At the same time, societies with different skin colours and non-Christian religions are located in far-away, exotic countries. – Despite the latest censuses showing a dynamic increase in numbers of the so-called regional minorities (especially Silesian and Kashubian) that dominate the contemporary ethnic structure of Poland, as well as their intensified social, cultural and political aspirations, there has been no proportionate upsurge of interest on the part of geographers; – Geographical research marginalises the issue of “immigrant multiculturalism” (external, modern and immigrant), despite this being an important research, journalistic, economic and political issue in the European Union for decades, and especially now. This perception of, and research on multiculturalism, in Polish geography is to a large extent understandable, in line with the historical and cultural importance of the so-called traditional minorities on the one hand, and – on the other – the lack of attractiveness of our country as a destination for settlement among economic migrants and refugees from the Middle East and North Africa. Despite all of that, Poland will ultimately not differ from Western Europe, in that it will not avoid a further increase in multiculturalism, given that no minority will either fully emigrate or fully integrate. Sooner or later, the influx of immigrants from nonEuropean cultures will increase, and the waves of legal and illegal immigration will not omit Poland. The substantive and mental preparation of Polish society for this “immigrant multiculturalism” – in a manner that is free of both populism and political correctness – represents a huge challenge for geographers, but also for sociologists, political scientists and historians.
Keywords: wielokulturowość, wieloetniczość, dziedzictwo kulturowe, regiony wielokulturowe, struktura narodowościowa, mniejszości, imigranci
, University of Łódź Faculty of Geographical Sciences Kopcińskiego 31, 90-142 Łódź: Poland e-mail: marbar@geo.uni.lodz.pl
Citation
APA: Barwiński, M. (2016). Wielokulturowość we współczesnych polskich badaniach geograficznych i edukacji geograficznej – zarys problematyki. Przegląd Geograficzny, 88(2), 137-157. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2016.2.1
MLA: Barwiński, Marek. "Wielokulturowość we współczesnych polskich badaniach geograficznych i edukacji geograficznej – zarys problematyki". Przegląd Geograficzny, vol. 88, no. 2, 2016, pp. 137-157. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2016.2.1
Chicago: Barwiński, Marek. "Wielokulturowość we współczesnych polskich badaniach geograficznych i edukacji geograficznej – zarys problematyki". Przegląd Geograficzny 88, no. 2 (2016): 137-157. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2016.2.1
Harvard: Barwiński, M. 2016. "Wielokulturowość we współczesnych polskich badaniach geograficznych i edukacji geograficznej – zarys problematyki". Przegląd Geograficzny, vol. 88, no. 2, pp. 137-157. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2016.2.1
An attempt at restructuring Poland’s voivodship system on the basis of a network of regional centers
Przegląd Geograficzny (2016) tom 88, zeszyt 2, pp. 159-182 | Full text
doi: https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2016.2.2
Keywords: podział terytorialny państwa, regiony, województwa, rozwój policentryczny
Citation
APA: Zaborowski, . (2016). Próba przebudowy układu województw z wykorzystaniem sieci ośrodków regionalnych. Przegląd Geograficzny, 88(2), 159-182. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2016.2.2
MLA: Zaborowski, Łukasz. "Próba przebudowy układu województw z wykorzystaniem sieci ośrodków regionalnych". Przegląd Geograficzny, vol. 88, no. 2, 2016, pp. 159-182. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2016.2.2
Chicago: Zaborowski, Łukasz. "Próba przebudowy układu województw z wykorzystaniem sieci ośrodków regionalnych". Przegląd Geograficzny 88, no. 2 (2016): 159-182. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2016.2.2
Harvard: Zaborowski, . 2016. "Próba przebudowy układu województw z wykorzystaniem sieci ośrodków regionalnych". Przegląd Geograficzny, vol. 88, no. 2, pp. 159-182. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2016.2.2
Economic functions of urban region of Novosibirsk. The genesis and contemporary development trends
Przegląd Geograficzny (2016) tom 88, zeszyt 2, pp. 183-206 | Full text
doi: https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2016.2.3
Keywords: region miejski, centrum i peryferie, struktura funkcjonalna, przemiany demograficzne, metoda profilu kierunkowego, baza ekonomiczna
[marcin.wojcik@geo.uni.lodz.pl], Department of Regional and Social Geography University of Łódź Narutowicza 88, 90-139 Łódź: Poland
, University of Łódź Faculty of Geographical Sciences Department of Regional and Human Geography Kopcińskiego 31 92-143 Łódź
Citation
APA: Wójcik, M., & Tobiasz-Lis, P. (2016). Funkcje gospodarcze regionu miejskiego Nowosybirska. Geneza i współczesne trendy rozwojowe. Przegląd Geograficzny, 88(2), 183-206. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2016.2.3
MLA: Wójcik, Marcin, and Tobiasz-Lis, Paulina. "Funkcje gospodarcze regionu miejskiego Nowosybirska. Geneza i współczesne trendy rozwojowe". Przegląd Geograficzny, vol. 88, no. 2, 2016, pp. 183-206. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2016.2.3
Chicago: Wójcik, Marcin, and Tobiasz-Lis, Paulina. "Funkcje gospodarcze regionu miejskiego Nowosybirska. Geneza i współczesne trendy rozwojowe". Przegląd Geograficzny 88, no. 2 (2016): 183-206. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2016.2.3
Harvard: Wójcik, M., & Tobiasz-Lis, P. 2016. "Funkcje gospodarcze regionu miejskiego Nowosybirska. Geneza i współczesne trendy rozwojowe". Przegląd Geograficzny, vol. 88, no. 2, pp. 183-206. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2016.2.3
Cooperation of tour operators with non-air passenger carriers in Poland
Przegląd Geograficzny (2016) tom 88, zeszyt 2, pp. 207-221 | Full text
doi: https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2016.2.4
Keywords: przewoźnicy drogowi, statki wycieczkowe, promy, koleje, turystyka zorganizowana, touroperatorzy, Polska
[z.taylor@twarda.pan.pl], Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00‑818 Warszawa, Poland
[ariel@twarda.pan.pl], Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00‑818 Warszawa, Poland
Citation
APA: Taylor, Z., & Ciechański, A. (2016). Współpraca touroperatorów z pozalotniczymi przewoźnikami pasażerskimi w Polsce. Przegląd Geograficzny, 88(2), 207-221. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2016.2.4
MLA: Taylor, Zbigniew, and Ciechański, Ariel. "Współpraca touroperatorów z pozalotniczymi przewoźnikami pasażerskimi w Polsce". Przegląd Geograficzny, vol. 88, no. 2, 2016, pp. 207-221. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2016.2.4
Chicago: Taylor, Zbigniew, and Ciechański, Ariel. "Współpraca touroperatorów z pozalotniczymi przewoźnikami pasażerskimi w Polsce". Przegląd Geograficzny 88, no. 2 (2016): 207-221. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2016.2.4
Harvard: Taylor, Z., & Ciechański, A. 2016. "Współpraca touroperatorów z pozalotniczymi przewoźnikami pasażerskimi w Polsce". Przegląd Geograficzny, vol. 88, no. 2, pp. 207-221. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2016.2.4
The federal concepts of Milan Hodža
Przegląd Geograficzny (2016) tom 88, zeszyt 2, pp. 223-246 | Full text
doi: https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2016.2.5
Keywords: Milan Hodža, federacjonizm, Europa Środkowa
[p.ebe@twarda.pan.pl], Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00‑818 Warszawa, Poland
Citation
APA: Eberhardt, P. (2016). Koncepcje federacyjne Milana Hodžy. Przegląd Geograficzny, 88(2), 223-246. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2016.2.5
MLA: Eberhardt, Piotr. "Koncepcje federacyjne Milana Hodžy". Przegląd Geograficzny, vol. 88, no. 2, 2016, pp. 223-246. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2016.2.5
Chicago: Eberhardt, Piotr. "Koncepcje federacyjne Milana Hodžy". Przegląd Geograficzny 88, no. 2 (2016): 223-246. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2016.2.5
Harvard: Eberhardt, P. 2016. "Koncepcje federacyjne Milana Hodžy". Przegląd Geograficzny, vol. 88, no. 2, pp. 223-246. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2016.2.5
Application of spatial concentration indicators in the studies of urban sprawl processes
Przegląd Geograficzny (2016) tom 88, zeszyt 2, pp. 247-272 | Full text
doi: https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2016.2.6
Abstract This article reviews selected indicative methods allowing for analysis of the concentration and dispersion of settlement. A further aim is to evaluate the utility of these measures in studying the spontaneous process of suburbanisation known as “urban sprawl”. Following the model of the “dispersed city”, as opposed to the “compact city”, it is assumed that urban sprawl is associated with scattering of development. It is therefore reasonable to assume that spatial concentration indicators will allow for the at least partial description of its physiognomy. Urban sprawl is described as a multi-dimensional spatial phenomenon related to metropolitan deconcentration. Three fundamental spatial forms are observed: lowdensity sprawl, ribbon sprawl and leapfrog sprawl. Thereafter, issues are described in relation to the nature of the spatial dispersion and diffusion, the influence of centripetal and centrifugal forces, and the occurrence of the modified areal unit problem (MAUP), in the analysis of urbanisation. The four different measures chosen for actual review were the Gini coefficient, the C index of B. Kostrubiec, the average nearest neighbour method (Clark-Evans index) and Shannon entropy. Each of the indicators is analysed, with account taken of its theoretical and mathematical underpinnings, the adopted understanding of the spatial concentration concept, the impact of the delimitation of basic units on the results of spatial analyses, and available methods by which results may be presented. The Gini coefficient, based on the Lorenz curve, and initially used in econometrics, determines the cumulated concentration of features within a smaller or larger number of spatial units. It measures the unevenness of spatial distribution, but does not consider the mutual location of the basic units. A further limitation of this indicator in studying urban sprawl is that it takes no account of the precise locations of the objects. The spatial concentration index C, as proposed by B. Kostrubiec, is a measure of the concentration or dispersion of a set of elements – on a scale between concentration at one point and a spread across the maximum distance (range) it is possible to achieve within the boundaries of a certain area. The indicator is rarely used, but is of clear applicability, given the way it allows additional statistical parameters based on marginal distributions to be calculated. The average nearest neighbour method (Clark-Evans index), as derived from ecology, is widely known and applied in urbanisation studies. It allows for observation of the attractive forces associated with the locating of buildings and other new developments. This indicator resembles the previous one in combining recognition of the level of dispersion and the randomness of a set of features. Shannon entropy is a probabilistic measure of “disorder” and – in geography – a measure of segregation, the spatial organisation of an area, or, most simply, the proportion of the share of a phenomenon in territorial units. Entropy defines fragmentation or the filling of terrain with settlement. It is often used in researching land use and land cover change. This article concludes with a table describing the main features of the four indicators. Methods of multidimensional analysis of urban sprawl are also highlighted. These are important because the morphology of sprawl cannot be defined solely by reference to the degree of spatial concentration, which is understood and defined in various ways. Other important spatial dimensions include density, continuity, clustering, centralisation or the mixed use of land. In the author’s view, the most comprehensive assessment of the phenomenon of sprawl will be made possible if several methods are selected, and parallel analyses carried out using them. In these circumstances, complementary information will be obtained as regards the concentration and dispersion of development in an area.
Keywords: wskaźniki koncentracji, koncentracja przestrzenna, rozpraszanie zabudowy, urban sprawl, suburbanizacja
Citation
APA: Sudra, P. (2016). Zastosowanie wskaźników koncentracji przestrzennej w badaniu procesów urban sprawl*. Przegląd Geograficzny, 88(2), 247-272. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2016.2.6
MLA: Sudra, Paweł. "Zastosowanie wskaźników koncentracji przestrzennej w badaniu procesów urban sprawl*". Przegląd Geograficzny, vol. 88, no. 2, 2016, pp. 247-272. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2016.2.6
Chicago: Sudra, Paweł. "Zastosowanie wskaźników koncentracji przestrzennej w badaniu procesów urban sprawl*". Przegląd Geograficzny 88, no. 2 (2016): 247-272. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2016.2.6
Harvard: Sudra, P. 2016. "Zastosowanie wskaźników koncentracji przestrzennej w badaniu procesów urban sprawl*". Przegląd Geograficzny, vol. 88, no. 2, pp. 247-272. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2016.2.6
Review
Przegląd Geograficzny T. 88 z. 2 (2016), Recenzje
Przegląd Geograficzny (2016) tom 88, zeszyt 2, pp. 273-282 | Full text
Kronika
Przegląd Geograficzny T. 88 z. 2 (2016), Kronika
Przegląd Geograficzny (2016) tom 88, zeszyt 2, pp. 283-290 | Full text