Przegląd Geograficzny (2018) tom 90, zeszyt 3

Abstract Comparative analysis was performed in relation to the ecological scales of indicator values for plant species proposed by: (1) Ellenberg for the flora of Germany, (2) Landolt for the flora of Switzerland and (3) Zarzycki for the flora of Poland, in relation to six environmental features, i.e. the climatic features of light intensity [L], temperature [T] and continentality [K], and the edaphic features of moisture [F], acidity [R] and nitrogen content [N]. Characteristic species of heaths and poor grasslands from class Nardo-Callunetea were used asthe” tool” in the above comparison. Numbers of species involved ranged from 28 to 53, depending on the environmental features and compared scales involved. The assumption was that pairs of ecological scales were similar where the percentage share of species is above 50% in corresponding numbers along the scales. The main aim of the analysis was in turn to determine if compared scales originating from different parts of central Europe were similar (or distinct) in their ecological (climatic and edaphic) diagnoses, as expressed in terms of three indicator values (corresponding to three scales) for each relevant feature of the geographical environment. Results obtained were interpreted by reference to two opposing hypotheses. The first assumes that the scales compared are similar, with particular numbers along the scales conforming to the same ranges of actual measurements, while differences concern the assessment of the requirements of the species as indicators of environmental conditions. The second, alternative hypothesis assumes that the scales are different (most often shifted by one degree), while the ecological requirements of the species are similar. Analysis of histograms for frequencies of particular species categories shows that examples sustaining the first of the two hypotheses are provided by the pairs of scales of: (1) temperature [T] of Ellenberg and Landolt; (2) continentality (K) of Landolt and Zarzycki, (3) soil moisture [F] of Ellenberg and Zarzycki; (4) nitrogen content in the soil [N] of Ellenberg and Landolt. In relation to the second hypothesis, the distribution of frequencies of the species categories in the histograms allows for the explanation of differences (in terms of shifts) within the following pairs of scales compared: (1) temperature [T] of Landolt and Zarzycki; (2) soil moisture [F] of Landolt and Zarzycki; (3) soil moisture of Landolt and Zarzycki; (4) soil acidity of Landolt and Zarzycki; (5) nitrogen content in the soil [N] of Ellenberg and Zarzycki. It is worth noting that a similar analysis was achieved when the same ecological scales of indicator values were compared by reference to meadow species from class Molinio-Arrhenathereta (Roo-Zielinska, 2004), deciduous forest of class Querco-Fagetea (Roo-Zielińska, 2009), xerothermic grasslands of class Festuco-Brometea (Roo-Zielińska, 2012) and sandy xeric grasslands of class Koelerio glaucae-Corynephoretea canescentis class (Roo-Zielińska, 2015). This means that a total of some 460 species (of meadows, deciduous forests, xerothermic and sandy xeric grasslands, and heaths and poor grasslands) have now been evaluated. While this still only represents some 23% of K Zarzycki’s list of the Polish flora (Zarzycki et al., 2002), very different ecological spectra and tolerance in the five groups have not precluded the highlighting of certain regularities applying to the plant communities already studied. The results obtained point to the need for comparative analysis of European ecological scales for groups of characteristic species belonging to different phytosociological units/associations to be continued with, with ecological indicator values appropriate to Poland’s flora and plant communities then being found.

Keywords: skale ekologicznych liczb wskaźnikowych, wrzosowiska, ubogie murawy bliźniczkowe, charakterystyczne gatunki roślin, środowisko fizycznogeograficzne

Ewa Roo-Zielińska [e.roo@twarda.pan.pl], Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00‑818 Warszawa, Poland

Citation

APA: Roo-Zielińska, E. (2018). Porównanie europejskich skal ekologicznych liczb wskaźnikowych w ocenie środowiska fizycznogeograficznego na podstawie charakterystycznych gatunków roślin wrzosowisk i ubogich muraw bliźniczkowych z klasy Nardo‑Callunetea. Przegląd Geograficzny, 90(3), 403-434. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2018.3.2
MLA: Roo-Zielińska, Ewa. "Porównanie europejskich skal ekologicznych liczb wskaźnikowych w ocenie środowiska fizycznogeograficznego na podstawie charakterystycznych gatunków roślin wrzosowisk i ubogich muraw bliźniczkowych z klasy Nardo‑Callunetea". Przegląd Geograficzny, vol. 90, no. 3, 2018, pp. 403-434. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2018.3.2
Chicago: Roo-Zielińska, Ewa. "Porównanie europejskich skal ekologicznych liczb wskaźnikowych w ocenie środowiska fizycznogeograficznego na podstawie charakterystycznych gatunków roślin wrzosowisk i ubogich muraw bliźniczkowych z klasy Nardo‑Callunetea". Przegląd Geograficzny 90, no. 3 (2018): 403-434. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2018.3.2
Harvard: Roo-Zielińska, E. 2018. "Porównanie europejskich skal ekologicznych liczb wskaźnikowych w ocenie środowiska fizycznogeograficznego na podstawie charakterystycznych gatunków roślin wrzosowisk i ubogich muraw bliźniczkowych z klasy Nardo‑Callunetea". Przegląd Geograficzny, vol. 90, no. 3, pp. 403-434. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2018.3.2

Abstract

In this work was assessed the impact of the storm surges from the autumn-winter season 2016/17 on the changes of the central coast between Kołobrzeg and Jarosławiec, belonging to the Koszalin Bay. It is the western and central part of seashore named Pobrzeże Koszalinskie. The analysis includes several storm cycles, including significant ones named Barbara and Axel from the turn of the year 2016/17. These surges caused reduction of beaches height by 1-1.2 m and width by 10-15 m. The sediment from the washed off dunes formed an extensive coastal embankment and was deposited in shallow waters. Dunes retreated on average by 2-6 m. The high cliffed dunes were formed, and in the spring months numerous landslides appeared. Maximum erosion caused loss of up to 20-30 m³ of sediment in coastal dunes. The infrastructure facilities was damaged, beach stairs and technical exits were broken completely. In many places, water has spilled onto the low lying land leaving so-called storm surge fans or washover fans. The specific parameters of shoreline and shoreline changes suggest that this was coastal erosion comparable to extreme 100-year storm gusts. The sequence of strong storms from the autumn / winter 2016/17 has caused many places to retreat to the 1980s.

Keywords: erozja wydm, zmiany morfologiczne wybrzeża, stożki spiętrzeń sztormowych, ekstremalne sztormy, Zatoka Koszalińska

Tomasz Arkadiusz Łabuz [tomasz.labuz@usz.edu.pl], Uniwersytet Szczeciński, Instytut Nauk o Morzu i Środowisku

Citation

APA: Łabuz, T. (2018). Erozja wydm na mierzejach Zatoki Koszalińskiej jako efekt ponadprzeciętnych zdarzeń sztormowych Barbara i Axel z przełomu 2016 i 2017 r.. Przegląd Geograficzny, 90(3), 435-477. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2018.3.3
MLA: Łabuz, Tomasz Arkadiusz. "Erozja wydm na mierzejach Zatoki Koszalińskiej jako efekt ponadprzeciętnych zdarzeń sztormowych Barbara i Axel z przełomu 2016 i 2017 r.". Przegląd Geograficzny, vol. 90, no. 3, 2018, pp. 435-477. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2018.3.3
Chicago: Łabuz, Tomasz Arkadiusz. "Erozja wydm na mierzejach Zatoki Koszalińskiej jako efekt ponadprzeciętnych zdarzeń sztormowych Barbara i Axel z przełomu 2016 i 2017 r.". Przegląd Geograficzny 90, no. 3 (2018): 435-477. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2018.3.3
Harvard: Łabuz, T. 2018. "Erozja wydm na mierzejach Zatoki Koszalińskiej jako efekt ponadprzeciętnych zdarzeń sztormowych Barbara i Axel z przełomu 2016 i 2017 r.". Przegląd Geograficzny, vol. 90, no. 3, pp. 435-477. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2018.3.3

Abstract The paper presents analysis of long-term changes in average, maximum and minimum annual and semi-annual and monthly average river runoff of the Vistula (Tczew and Zawichost water level gauges) and Bug (Wyszków water level gauges) in the years 1951–2015. The data came from the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management - National Research Institute (IMGW-PIB). Using the Mann-Kendall test and the directional coefficient β expressed by the Theil-Sen estimator, a multi-temporal trend analysis was carried out, which allowed to determine the direction, significance and strength of flow trends and indicate the periods in which the direction of trends reversed. A multi-temporal trend analysis allows for the calculation of periods covering every possible combination of the beginning and end year. The minimum duration of the calculation period is 20 years. The changes observed in average river runoff were fluctuating in nature and in large part were statistically insignificant. In the case of maximum flows the decreasing tendencies were prevalent, while in the case of minimal flows increasing tendencies were. On the Bug, much of the analyzed trends were statistically significant. In the surveyed for many years, the trend changed twice, around 1965 and 1980.

Keywords: hydrologia, przepływy rzek, test Manna-Kendalla, wielowariantowa analiza trendów, dorzecze Wisły, zlewisko Morza Bałtyckiego

Citation

APA: Górnik, M. (2018). Wieloletnie zmiany przepływów Wisły i Bugu (1951–2015). Przegląd Geograficzny, 90(3), 479-494. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2018.3.4
MLA: Górnik, Marek. "Wieloletnie zmiany przepływów Wisły i Bugu (1951–2015)". Przegląd Geograficzny, vol. 90, no. 3, 2018, pp. 479-494. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2018.3.4
Chicago: Górnik, Marek. "Wieloletnie zmiany przepływów Wisły i Bugu (1951–2015)". Przegląd Geograficzny 90, no. 3 (2018): 479-494. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2018.3.4
Harvard: Górnik, M. 2018. "Wieloletnie zmiany przepływów Wisły i Bugu (1951–2015)". Przegląd Geograficzny, vol. 90, no. 3, pp. 479-494. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2018.3.4

Abstract The aim of this study is to characterize pluvial conditions in the Wielkopolskie Voivodeship at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries. The work comprises analysis of the long-term, annual and seasonal precipitation, as well as their spatial distribution and variability concerning the number of days with precipitation of a certain intensity in the period of 1981–2014. The study was based upon daily sums of atmospheric precipitation in years 1981–2014 derived from 5 synoptic stations, 9 climatological stations and 78 precipitation stations located in the Wielkopolskie Voivodeship (Fig. 1). The data was obtained from IMGW-PIB. The Wielkopolskie Voivodeship is an area with relatively low precipitation sums comparing to other regions of Poland. In the years 1981–2014, the average annual rainfall amounted to 548 mm and was characterized by high variability of rainfall amounts from year to year (Fig. 2, 3). The amplitude of fluctuations exceeded 500 mm. In the examined period, the average annual rainfall (from 92 stations) presents an upward trend (23 mm/10 years), the highest in the summer. The number of days with precipitation is increasing at a slower rate (Fig. 4). The distribution of rainfall in analyzed area is characterized by considerable spatial diversity (Fig. 5, 6, 7). The highest average sum of precipitation and the highest number of precipitation days were registered in the north-west, northern and southern parts of the region. On the contrary, the driest was the Wrzesińska Plain and the eastern part of the Wielkopolskie Voivodeship. Majority of the region is characterized by an average of 120–160 days with precipitation per year. The lowest number of such days are noted in the north-eastern part, and the highest – in the north-western part of the voivodeship (Fig. 8). In the seasonal distribution of rainfall, a clear prevalence of summer precipitation is visible, comprising 36.6% of the annual sum, with a maximum in July of 76.5 mm on average. The most intense precipitation, i.e. above 20 mm day, was least frequent in the central part of the study area (Fig. 9). The most diverse distribution is characterized by the weakest precipitation, i.e. less than 1 mm per day. Considerable variation in spatial distribution of precipitation indicates that rainfall is often of local nature. The amount and duration of precipitation as well as range depends on the cloud structure formed under specific synoptic conditions and local relief. The concentration of stations considered in a given area provides a more detailed image concerning the actual spatial variation of precipitation.

Keywords: opady atmosferyczne, liczba dni z opadami, Wielkopolska

Citation

APA: Szyga-Pluta, K. (2018). Zmienność czasowa i przestrzenna opadów atmosferycznych w Wielkopolsce w latach 1981–2014. Przegląd Geograficzny, 90(3), 495-516. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2018.3.5
MLA: Szyga-Pluta, Katarzyna. "Zmienność czasowa i przestrzenna opadów atmosferycznych w Wielkopolsce w latach 1981–2014". Przegląd Geograficzny, vol. 90, no. 3, 2018, pp. 495-516. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2018.3.5
Chicago: Szyga-Pluta, Katarzyna. "Zmienność czasowa i przestrzenna opadów atmosferycznych w Wielkopolsce w latach 1981–2014". Przegląd Geograficzny 90, no. 3 (2018): 495-516. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2018.3.5
Harvard: Szyga-Pluta, K. 2018. "Zmienność czasowa i przestrzenna opadów atmosferycznych w Wielkopolsce w latach 1981–2014". Przegląd Geograficzny, vol. 90, no. 3, pp. 495-516. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2018.3.5