Przegląd Geograficzny (2019) tom 91, zeszyt 2

Articles

Spatial exclusion in Lithuania: peripheries as “losers”, metropolitan areas as “winners”

Gintarė Pociūtė-Sereikienė, Viktorija Baranauskienė, Vidmantas Daugirdas

Przegląd Geograficzny (2019) tom 91, zeszyt 2, pp. 5-19 | Full text
doi: https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2019.2.1

Further information

Abstract This paper reports on a comprehensive evaluation of socio-spatial inequalities as a means of analysing spatial exclusion in line with demographic, social and economic components expressed using 20 key indicators. The utilised method of grouping into quartiles was able to demonstrate increasingly pronounced polarisation trends in Lithuania, with widening disparities to be noted, both between the major cities of Vilnius, Kaunas and Klaipėda and their regions, and between peripheral areas of the country. The level of spatial exclusion is seen to be highest in Lithuania’s north-eastern and southern regions, which have been identified as problematic. It is to these regions that a majority of the attention in this work has been paid.

Keywords: wykluczenie przestrzenne, nierówności społeczno-przestrzenne, polaryzacja, region wiejski, Litwa

Viktorija Baranauskienė [baranauskiene.viktorija@gmail.com], Lithuanian Centre for Social Sciences, Institute of Sociology

Citation

APA: Pociūtė-Sereikienė, G., Baranauskienė, V., & Daugirdas, V. (2019). Spatial exclusion in Lithuania: peripheries as “losers”, metropolitan areas as “winners”. Przegląd Geograficzny, 91(2), 5-19. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2019.2.1
MLA: Pociūtė-Sereikienė, Gintarė, et al. "Spatial exclusion in Lithuania: peripheries as “losers”, metropolitan areas as “winners”". Przegląd Geograficzny, vol. 91, no. 2, 2019, pp. 5-19. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2019.2.1
Chicago: Pociūtė-Sereikienė, Gintarė, Baranauskienė, Viktorija, and Daugirdas, Vidmantas. "Spatial exclusion in Lithuania: peripheries as “losers”, metropolitan areas as “winners”". Przegląd Geograficzny 91, no. 2 (2019): 5-19. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2019.2.1
Harvard: Pociūtė-Sereikienė, G., Baranauskienė, V., & Daugirdas, V. 2019. "Spatial exclusion in Lithuania: peripheries as “losers”, metropolitan areas as “winners”". Przegląd Geograficzny, vol. 91, no. 2, pp. 5-19. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2019.2.1

Digital space and the Internet as the subject of interest of geographical research

Krzysztof Janc

Przegląd Geograficzny (2019) tom 91, zeszyt 2, pp. 21-37 | Full text
doi: https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2019.2.2

Further information

Abstract The development of the Internet drove significant changes in the social and economic functioning of people and spatial units. In the case of geography, the Internet changed its nature as a science about space, by expanding on the available topics and methods of study by which geographers come to know the world. New possibilities were a result, though also challenges, above all in relation to the role in geographical research played by the Internet and digital space (data generated through the use of the Internet). Major developments to the World Wide Web and to the Internet as a whole, as well as new solutions made possible by the latter’s creation combine with phenomena subject to scientific analysis to leave as insufficient previous state-of-the-art research methods in the field of Internet geography. The aim of this article is therefore to identify the main problems with research in digital space. Emphasis is put on relationships between real and digital space from the two complementary perspectives of digital space as a source of information about real space for research and of digital space as the subject of research. Explored first is the way in which digital space furnishes data upon which descriptions of real space can be based. An attempt is then made to discover the nature of digital space in its spatial aspects, with the relationship between digital and real space determined. A literature review further serves as the basis for the presentation of four research topics relating to the geography of the Internet, i.e. digital-divide analysis, issues of the management of socio-economic processes, cyber-balkanisation, and the relationships between real and digital spaces. The digital divide relates to access or skills, as well as to individual motivations and socio-cultural preferences, which can also be observed in the different ways people use the Internet. The digital divide is subject to constant change amid the rapid development of the Internet and the increasing importance of the Web in everyday life. Growing interest in concepts relating to the functionality of various areas in so-called smart cities and smart rural areas arises out of issues of spatial management. Cyber-balkanisation in turn constitutes a fragmentation of the Internet more and more manifested by users as they have increased control over online content. The final research topic, concerned with the relationships between real and digital spaces, is crucial to an understanding of the Internet’s role in geography. The presented areas of research on the Internet and digital space, as well as the research directions referred to, should be treated as a starting point for a broader discussion. In the case of analyses of Internet geography, it is essential for basic terms to be determined and defined. Also of importance is a general determination of the role and importance of the Internet in geography.

Keywords: internet, przestrzeń cyfrowa, geografia

Krzysztof Janc [krzysztof.janc@uwr.edu.pl], Institute of Geography and Regional Development University of Wrocław Kuźnicza 49/55, 50-138 Wrocław: Poland

Citation

APA: Janc, K. (2019). Przestrzeń cyfrowa i internet jako przedmiot zainteresowań w badaniach geograficznych. Przegląd Geograficzny, 91(2), 21-37. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2019.2.2
MLA: Janc, Krzysztof. "Przestrzeń cyfrowa i internet jako przedmiot zainteresowań w badaniach geograficznych". Przegląd Geograficzny, vol. 91, no. 2, 2019, pp. 21-37. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2019.2.2
Chicago: Janc, Krzysztof. "Przestrzeń cyfrowa i internet jako przedmiot zainteresowań w badaniach geograficznych". Przegląd Geograficzny 91, no. 2 (2019): 21-37. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2019.2.2
Harvard: Janc, K. 2019. "Przestrzeń cyfrowa i internet jako przedmiot zainteresowań w badaniach geograficznych". Przegląd Geograficzny, vol. 91, no. 2, pp. 21-37. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2019.2.2

The European context of the impact of contemporary megatrends on socio-economic development. A synthetic approach

Barbara Konecka-Szydłowska, Paweł Churski, Tomasz Herodowicz, Robert Perdał

Przegląd Geograficzny (2019) tom 91, zeszyt 2, pp. 39-59 | Full text
doi: https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2019.2.3

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Abstract Celem artykułu jest analiza wpływu współczesnych megatrendów na rozwój społeczno-gospodarczy Europy. Megatrendy, stosując terminologię J. Naisbitt’a (1982), rozumiane są jako główne przemiany społeczno-gospodarcze (przy czym proponuje się odmienny ich zestaw niż u J. Naisbitt’a). Istotnym elementem rozważań jest specyfika tych procesów w krajach kapitalistycznych Europy Zachodniej oraz w dawnych krajach demokracji ludowej w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej. W wyróżnionych układach przestrzennych rozpatruje się wpływ następujących megatrendów: (1) transformacji, (2) integracji gospodarczej, (3) globalizacji i (4) postmodernizacji. Postępowanie badawcze obejmuje dwa etapy. W pierwszym etapie dokonano syntetycznej charakterystyki wyróżnionych megatrendów uwzględniającą ich definicje i przyczyny powstania. W drugim, zasadniczym etapie opisano efekty oddziaływania megatrendów na rozwój społeczno-gospodarczy oraz specyfikę ich przebiegu w rozpatrywanych dwóch układach przestrzennych Europy. Badanie realizowane jest w r -

Keywords: megatrendy, transformacja, globalizacja, integracja gospodarcza, postmodernizacja, Europa

Paweł Churski [chur@amu.edu.pl], Institute of Socio-Economic Geography and Space Economy, Adam Mickiewicz University, Fredry 10, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
Tomasz Herodowicz, Faculty of Human Geography and Planning Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań Bogumiła Krygowskiego 10, 61-680 Poznań: Poland

Citation

APA: Konecka-Szydłowska, B., Churski, P., Herodowicz, T., & Perdał, R. (2019). Europejski kontekst wpływu współczesnych megatrendów na rozwój społeczno-gospodarczy. Ujęcie syntetyczne. Przegląd Geograficzny, 91(2), 39-59. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2019.2.3
MLA: Konecka-Szydłowska, Barbara, et al. "Europejski kontekst wpływu współczesnych megatrendów na rozwój społeczno-gospodarczy. Ujęcie syntetyczne". Przegląd Geograficzny, vol. 91, no. 2, 2019, pp. 39-59. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2019.2.3
Chicago: Konecka-Szydłowska, Barbara, Churski, Paweł, Herodowicz, Tomasz, and Perdał, Robert. "Europejski kontekst wpływu współczesnych megatrendów na rozwój społeczno-gospodarczy. Ujęcie syntetyczne". Przegląd Geograficzny 91, no. 2 (2019): 39-59. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2019.2.3
Harvard: Konecka-Szydłowska, B., Churski, P., Herodowicz, T., & Perdał, R. 2019. "Europejski kontekst wpływu współczesnych megatrendów na rozwój społeczno-gospodarczy. Ujęcie syntetyczne". Przegląd Geograficzny, vol. 91, no. 2, pp. 39-59. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2019.2.3

Application of the minimum spanning tree method in assessing the effectiveness and cohesion of the settlement network of Mazowieckie voivodeship

Przemysław Śleszyński, Paweł Sudra

Przegląd Geograficzny (2019) tom 91, zeszyt 2, pp. 61-80 | Full text
doi: https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2019.2.4

Further information

Abstract Contemporary settlement systems observed in Poland bear numerous traces of historical transformations of rural settlements which took place in the 19th century, at the time of foreign partitioning of Polish territory, in different ways in particular regions. The result of processes occurring from the second half of the 20th century is the extensive development of urban areas, and – after 1990 – chaotic, spontaneous processes of transformation in suburban zones. Research methods using graph theory have been applied for years in investigating settlement networks on various scales. One of the more useful graphs is the minimum spanning tree (MST), which connects all vertices in such a way that the sum of the distances between them is the shortest. This article presents the application of the minimum spanning tree (or shortest dendrite) method with a view to its suitability for determining the degree of dispersion and spatial cohesion of urbanised structures being assessed. Two indicators have been proposed thanks o alignment of the shortest dendrite length to other variables. The settlement network effectiveness indicator is the ratio of MST length to the population in an area. The settlement network cohesion indicator is in turn the ratio of the MST length to population density. Mazowieckie voivodeship has been chosen as the research area, while address points obtained from the central official database collecting data from municipal records have been chosen as the source dataset. Over 1 million address points were considered, in line with their status as at the end of 2016. Minimum spanning trees were plotted for each of the 314 gminas (local-authority areas) aking up the voivodeship, using ArcGIS software. Subsequently, the proposed indicators were calculated by reference to the MSTs. The results were then mapped. The proposed indicators may be helpful in studies on the origin of settlements, allowing areas with varying degrees of uniformity or isolation of building locations to be indicated. They can be made use of in comparative studies, especially concerning rural settlements, in which single-family housing predominates, and hamlets and uildings standing in isolation are present. The effectiveness indicator can be used in the assessment of infrastructural coverage, i.a. in the ontext of the costs of spatial chaos and demographic capacity.

Keywords: minimalne drzewo rozpinające, najkrótszy dendryt, spójność i efektywność sieci osadniczej, rozproszenie zabudowy, chaos przestrzenny, województwo mazowieckie

Przemysław Śleszyński [psleszyn@twarda.pan.pl], Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00‑818 Warszawa, Poland

Citation

APA: Śleszyński, P., & Sudra, P. (2019). Zastosowanie metody minimalnego drzewa rozpinającego (najkrótszego dendrytu) w ocenie efektywności i spójności sieci osadniczej województwa mazowieckiego. Przegląd Geograficzny, 91(2), 61-80. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2019.2.4
MLA: Śleszyński, Przemysław, and Sudra, Paweł. "Zastosowanie metody minimalnego drzewa rozpinającego (najkrótszego dendrytu) w ocenie efektywności i spójności sieci osadniczej województwa mazowieckiego". Przegląd Geograficzny, vol. 91, no. 2, 2019, pp. 61-80. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2019.2.4
Chicago: Śleszyński, Przemysław, and Sudra, Paweł. "Zastosowanie metody minimalnego drzewa rozpinającego (najkrótszego dendrytu) w ocenie efektywności i spójności sieci osadniczej województwa mazowieckiego". Przegląd Geograficzny 91, no. 2 (2019): 61-80. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2019.2.4
Harvard: Śleszyński, P., & Sudra, P. 2019. "Zastosowanie metody minimalnego drzewa rozpinającego (najkrótszego dendrytu) w ocenie efektywności i spójności sieci osadniczej województwa mazowieckiego". Przegląd Geograficzny, vol. 91, no. 2, pp. 61-80. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2019.2.4

Characteristics of the Polish diaspora in Curitiba (Brazil) in the light of social research

Karel Dolinski, Magdalena Szmytkowska

Przegląd Geograficzny (2019) tom 91, zeszyt 2, pp. 81-96 | Full text
doi: https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2019.2.5

Further information

Abstract W prezentowanym artykule podjęto temat współczesnej polskiej diaspory zamieszkującej w Kurytybie, mieście ważnym i symbolicznym z punktu widzenia kształtowania się migracji Polaków do Brazylii od drugiej połowy XIX w. Jako tło głównych rozważań przedstawiono ogólny zarys historii migracji Polaków do Kurytyby, a także omówiono i uzasadniono znaczenie Kurytyby jako szczególnej przestrzeni obecności i aktywności społecznej diaspory polskiej w Brazylii. Zasadniczą część opracowania stanowi opis członków polskiej diaspory w aspekcie demograficzno-społecznym, określenie poczucia polskości i związków z krajem pochodzenia przodków na badań ankietowych na celowej grupie respondentów.

Keywords: migracje zagraniczne, diaspora polska, Brazylia, Kurytyba, badania społeczne

Magdalena Szmytkowska [geoms@ug.edu.pl], Uniwersytet Gdański, Wydział Nauk Społecznych

Citation

APA: Dolinski, K., & Szmytkowska, M. (2019). Charakterystyka polskiej diaspory w Kurytybie (Brazylia) w świetle badań społecznych. Przegląd Geograficzny, 91(2), 81-96. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2019.2.5
MLA: Dolinski, Karel, and Szmytkowska, Magdalena. "Charakterystyka polskiej diaspory w Kurytybie (Brazylia) w świetle badań społecznych". Przegląd Geograficzny, vol. 91, no. 2, 2019, pp. 81-96. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2019.2.5
Chicago: Dolinski, Karel, and Szmytkowska, Magdalena. "Charakterystyka polskiej diaspory w Kurytybie (Brazylia) w świetle badań społecznych". Przegląd Geograficzny 91, no. 2 (2019): 81-96. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2019.2.5
Harvard: Dolinski, K., & Szmytkowska, M. 2019. "Charakterystyka polskiej diaspory w Kurytybie (Brazylia) w świetle badań społecznych". Przegląd Geograficzny, vol. 91, no. 2, pp. 81-96. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2019.2.5

The agricultural accessibility of the Beskid Mountains

Zofia Jabs, Andrzej Affek

Przegląd Geograficzny (2019) tom 91, zeszyt 2, pp. 97-111 | Full text
doi: https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2019.2.6

Further information

Abstract Spatial accessibility is usually understood in relation to the possibility of a specific location being reached from another location (Guzik, 2014). It is one of the main factors affecting land use and land-use changes (Hansen, 1959; Prishchepov et al., 2013) in relation to which the greatest variation is to be observed in mountainous areas (Jobe & White, 2009). The aim of the study detailed here was thus to identify variation in the spatial accessibility of mountainous areas in terms of their being used in agriculture. The problem of agricultural accessibility is here exemplified by three mesoregions of the Polish Carpathians, i.e. the Bieszczady Mts., Low Beskid Mts. and Sanok-Turka Mts. These are all areas in which spatial accessibility and landscape structure have changed markedly over the last 70 years. Cost of access in these areas was calculated by assigning resistance values to each distance unit, in relation to land-cover type and slope. To generate an output raster, use was made of a cost-distance algorithm implemented in ArcGIS. The research described here gave rise to a figure presenting the agricultural accessibility of the study area. Very varied accessibility was demonstrated, both in the research area as a whole and between mesoregions. Results obtained were compared with values for currently used arable fields. Areas accessible to agriculture were also identified, and compared with the distribution of arable fields actually in existence.

Keywords: dostępność przestrzenna, użytkowanie ziemi, cost distance, Bieszczady, Beskid Niski, Góry Sanocko-Turczańskie

Andrzej Affek [a.affek@twarda.pan.pl], Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00‑818 Warszawa, Poland

Citation

APA: Jabs, Z., & Affek, A. (2019). Dostępność rolnicza Beskidów. Przegląd Geograficzny, 91(2), 97-111. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2019.2.6
MLA: Jabs, Zofia, and Affek, Andrzej. "Dostępność rolnicza Beskidów". Przegląd Geograficzny, vol. 91, no. 2, 2019, pp. 97-111. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2019.2.6
Chicago: Jabs, Zofia, and Affek, Andrzej. "Dostępność rolnicza Beskidów". Przegląd Geograficzny 91, no. 2 (2019): 97-111. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2019.2.6
Harvard: Jabs, Z., & Affek, A. 2019. "Dostępność rolnicza Beskidów". Przegląd Geograficzny, vol. 91, no. 2, pp. 97-111. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2019.2.6

Assessment of bioclimatic conditions for recreation and tourism in the Polish Baltic coastal zone using the UTCI index

Czesław Koźmiński, Bożena Michalska

Przegląd Geograficzny (2019) tom 91, zeszyt 2, pp. 113-126 | Full text
doi: https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2019.2.7

Further information

Abstract The quality of a given bioclimate is much affected by the atmospheric environment (taken to include solar radiation, air temperature and humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind speed and levels of atmospheric pollution), as well as by geographical factors relating to topography and cover, the drainage system and land use (Owczarek 2009, Czarnecka, Nidzgorska-Lencewicz 2010, Koźmiński, Michalska 2011, Owczarek 2012). Tourists staying in a coastal area must contend with considerable variability of weather from one day to another, or even hour by hour, in the cold half-year in particular. Changes of weather have a profound effect on the human organism, inter alia giving rise to migraines, sleep disturbances and hypersensitivity. The work described here sought to assess temporal (inter alia seasonal) and spatial variability to heat loading of the human organism characterising the Polish Baltic coastal zone, as well as the temperature of water by beaches. It was to achieve this kind of assessments of bioclimate and its impact on the human organism that the index known as the UTCI (Universal Thermal Climate Index) was devised, taking in air temperature, wind speed, air humidity and absorbed solar radiation (expressed as mean radiant temperature) (Błażejczyk & Kunert, 2011). This index represents objective changes in physiological parameters of the human organism occurring thanks to differing environmental conditions as determined in relation to a 10-point scale for heat loading of the human organism (°C) that translate into descriptive terms ranging from extreme heat stress to extreme cold stress. UTCI values referred to here were calculated using BioKlima 2.6 software - http://www.igipz.pan.pl/Bioklima-zgik.html. Six zones for the heat loading of the human organism found to be present along the Polish coast during the four seasons of the year were designated by summing the frequency of occurrence of days with a particularly stimulating effect, be this severe or very severe heat stress or severe, very severe or extreme cold stress. The UTCI-based analysis sustained conclusions as follows: - The Polish Baltic coast is found to be characterised by marked day-to-day variability in the heat loading of the human organism, particularly in the November-late May period, with the result being a significant “nuisance” represented for tourists. - Along the western part of the coast and in the area of the Bay of Puck, conditions thermoneutral for the human organism were found to dominate (accounting for more than 60% of the days in a month) over the whole period from May through to mid-October. In the case of the northern part of the coast from Darłowo to Łeba the same was found to be true of the period extending from June through to the middle ten-day period of September, creating conditions favourable for outdoor recreation. - The duration of the bathing season with mean monthly water temperatures ≥18°C is of approximately 45 days along the coast from Darłowo to Łeba, 46-50 days in the central part of the coast, 46-60 days in the area of the Bay of Gdańsk and 61-70 in the area of the Bay of Pomerania. In most years under analysis, there was no identification of a bathing season with mean monthly water temperature ≥18°C in the Kołobrzeg and Władysławowo areas. - The bioclimatic conditions most favourable for recreation and tourism were identified for the area of the Bay of Pomerania, followed by the Bay of Gdańsk. Less-favourable conditions characterise the central part of the coast, while the least favourable circumstances extend through the northern area from Darłowo to Łeba, in which the bioclimate’s stimulatory effect is strongest.- The high spatial variability characterising heat loading of the human organism that it proved possible to identify for the Polish coast offers the possibility of particular regions and seasons being selected for recreation, in relation to tourists’ health status and specific requirements.

Keywords: rekreacja, obciążenia cieplne, strefy, sezon kąpielowy, wybrzeże Bałtyku

Citation

APA: Koźmiński, C., & Michalska, B. (2019). Ocena bioklimatycznych warunków rekreacji i turystyki w strefie polskiego Wybrzeża Bałtyku na podstawie wskaźnika UTCI. Przegląd Geograficzny, 91(2), 113-126. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2019.2.7
MLA: Koźmiński, Czesław, and Michalska, Bożena. "Ocena bioklimatycznych warunków rekreacji i turystyki w strefie polskiego Wybrzeża Bałtyku na podstawie wskaźnika UTCI". Przegląd Geograficzny, vol. 91, no. 2, 2019, pp. 113-126. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2019.2.7
Chicago: Koźmiński, Czesław, and Michalska, Bożena. "Ocena bioklimatycznych warunków rekreacji i turystyki w strefie polskiego Wybrzeża Bałtyku na podstawie wskaźnika UTCI". Przegląd Geograficzny 91, no. 2 (2019): 113-126. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2019.2.7
Harvard: Koźmiński, C., & Michalska, B. 2019. "Ocena bioklimatycznych warunków rekreacji i turystyki w strefie polskiego Wybrzeża Bałtyku na podstawie wskaźnika UTCI". Przegląd Geograficzny, vol. 91, no. 2, pp. 113-126. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2019.2.7