Przegląd Geograficzny (2009) tom 81, zeszyt 1

Keywords: zanik antropopresji, obszary opuszczone przez ludność, analiza różnoskalowa, regiony górskie Polski i Europy

Jacek Wolski [j.wolski@twarda.pan.pl], Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00‑818 Warszawa, Poland

Citation

APA: Wolski, J. (2009). Następstwa zaniku antropopresji na obszarach górskich – dyskusja zależności „proces a region” w ujęciu różnoskalowym. Przegląd Geograficzny, 81(1), 47-73. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2009.4.2
MLA: Wolski, Jacek. "Następstwa zaniku antropopresji na obszarach górskich – dyskusja zależności „proces a region” w ujęciu różnoskalowym". Przegląd Geograficzny, vol. 81, no. 1, 2009, pp. 47-73. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2009.4.2
Chicago: Wolski, Jacek. "Następstwa zaniku antropopresji na obszarach górskich – dyskusja zależności „proces a region” w ujęciu różnoskalowym". Przegląd Geograficzny 81, no. 1 (2009): 47-73. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2009.4.2
Harvard: Wolski, J. 2009. "Następstwa zaniku antropopresji na obszarach górskich – dyskusja zależności „proces a region” w ujęciu różnoskalowym". Przegląd Geograficzny, vol. 81, no. 1, pp. 47-73. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2009.4.2

Abstract This paper presents the results of winter monitoring of ground surface temperature in the alpine zone of the Tatra Mountains, at sites where earlier studies had documented the presence or absence of permafrost. This made it possible to test the usefulness of the BTS method in permafrost mapping, and to take up the discussion on possibilities for its contemporary development. The data obtained reveal that the thermal regime of ground surface beneath snow cover cannot serve as an indicator of permafrost occurrence. The regime is first and foremost connected with snow cover development and may change from year to year. Both places of permafrost occurrence and permafrost-free sites may feature three basic types of ground surface winter thermal regimes, i.e.: (1) short-term ground-surface temperature (i.e. GST) fluctuations throughout the winter, (2) shortterm GST fluctuations at the beginning of winter only, and (3) a lack of short-term GST fluctuation during the whole period of occurrence of dry snow cover. However, places contemporarily maintaining permafrost were markedly colder than others. At the end of winters 2003/04 and 2004/05, temperatures beneath thick snow cover (conventional BTS) were no higher than –5°C, as compared with lowest BTS values of –3°C where permafrost was absent. Snow cover did not protect the ground from freezing, however, according to its thickness and density and the amount of heat in the ground there were decreased amplitudes and extended reaction times of GST to changes in air temperature. Even in the case of snow cover remaining several meters thick for several months, it was possible to record a slow decrease in bottom temperature until a minimum value was reached at the end of winter. In the light of the obtained data, contemporary permafrost in the alpine zone of the Tatra Mountains can be said to develop under both thick and thin snow cover, its existence therefore probably being more related to local circulation of cold air over the surface and low solar irradiation than to altitude and snow cover development.

Keywords: wieloletnia zmarzlina, temperatura powierzchni gruntu, BTS, Tatry

Bogdan Gądek [bogdan.gadek@us.edu.pl], Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice ul. Będzińska 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec: Poland
Stanisław Kędzia [kedzia@zg.pan.krakow.pl], Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences, Św. Jana 22, 31-018 Kraków, Poland

Citation

APA: Gądek, B., & Kędzia, S. (2009). Problemy detekcji wieloletniej zmarzliny na podstawie temperatury u spągu zimowej pokrywy śnieżnej na przykładzie Tatr. Przegląd Geograficzny, 81(1), 75-91. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2009.4.3
MLA: Gądek, Bogdan, and Kędzia, Stanisław. "Problemy detekcji wieloletniej zmarzliny na podstawie temperatury u spągu zimowej pokrywy śnieżnej na przykładzie Tatr". Przegląd Geograficzny, vol. 81, no. 1, 2009, pp. 75-91. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2009.4.3
Chicago: Gądek, Bogdan, and Kędzia, Stanisław. "Problemy detekcji wieloletniej zmarzliny na podstawie temperatury u spągu zimowej pokrywy śnieżnej na przykładzie Tatr". Przegląd Geograficzny 81, no. 1 (2009): 75-91. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2009.4.3
Harvard: Gądek, B., & Kędzia, S. 2009. "Problemy detekcji wieloletniej zmarzliny na podstawie temperatury u spągu zimowej pokrywy śnieżnej na przykładzie Tatr". Przegląd Geograficzny, vol. 81, no. 1, pp. 75-91. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2009.4.3

Abstract This paper discusses the post-1930 directions to land-cover changes in the Małe Pieniny Mts. located in the central part of the northern Carpathians. This environmentally homogenous area was divided by the Polish-Slovakian state border after World War I, having previously been also culturally homogenous, with Ruthenians inhabitants living in both northern and southern parts. After World War II, a resettlement of Ruthenians out of the Polish part of the mountains took place. From the 1950s onwards, the Polish part became increasingly important as a sheep-grazing region. In contrast, on the Slovakian side, the area experienced gradual post-war depopulation and an abandonment of agricultural land, the communist-inspired development of industrialization having induced out-migration. While collectivization did take place in Slovakia after World War II, an increase in the area of agricultural land in mountainous regions was impeded by the local environmental conditions. The research conducted based itself upon information on archival 1:100 000-scale topographic maps, a contemporary SPOT 5 (2004) panchromatic image and an SRTM digital elevation model. Three land-cover classes were defined by means of visual interpretation and on-screen digitization, i.e. forests, agricultural land and built-up areas. Analysis for the period 1936–2004 revealed an increase in the area of forest on both the Polish and Slovakian sides, as combined with a decrease in the area of agricultural land. The share of agricultural land decreased from 74% to 44% on the Polish side and from 82% to 54% on the Slovakian. At the same time the share accounted by forests increased from 23% to 54% in Poland and from 16% to 45% in Slovakia. A slight decrease in the built-up area was to be observed on both sides of the border. The annual rate of forest-cover change reached 1.26% in the case of the Polish part, 1.47% for the Slovakian. Although Ruthenians were only resettled out of the Polish part, the directions to long-term land-cover changes were similar on both sides of the border. However, landcover changes triggered by the resettlement action are visibly less dependent on environmental conditions (slope and elevation). Thus, the changes associated with a gradual depopulation in Slovakia, as connected with the abandonment of agricultural land, were of a more selective nature, occurring at higher elevations and on steeper slopes.

Keywords: zmiany użytkowania ziemi i pokrycia terenu, obszary przygraniczne, Małe Pieniny, GIS, teledetekcja

Citation

APA: Kaim, D. (2009). Zmiany pokrycia terenu na pograniczu polsko-słowackim na przykładzie Małych Pienin. Przegląd Geograficzny, 81(1), 93-106. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2009.4.4
MLA: Kaim, Dominik. "Zmiany pokrycia terenu na pograniczu polsko-słowackim na przykładzie Małych Pienin". Przegląd Geograficzny, vol. 81, no. 1, 2009, pp. 93-106. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2009.4.4
Chicago: Kaim, Dominik. "Zmiany pokrycia terenu na pograniczu polsko-słowackim na przykładzie Małych Pienin". Przegląd Geograficzny 81, no. 1 (2009): 93-106. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2009.4.4
Harvard: Kaim, D. 2009. "Zmiany pokrycia terenu na pograniczu polsko-słowackim na przykładzie Małych Pienin". Przegląd Geograficzny, vol. 81, no. 1, pp. 93-106. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2009.4.4

Abstract The climate of the Baltic coastline is strongly affected by prevailing cyclones and frontal activities. Frontal precipitation is shown to dominate in the Baltic area, with about two–thirds of rainfall events being frontal in origin (Walther and Bennartz, 2006). The aim of the work described here was to study precipitation totals in relation to selected atmospheric fronts and days without fronts. The analysis took in the daily precipitation totals recorded during both the cold seasons (October–March) and the warm ones (April-September) in the years 1998–2003, at seven stations along the Baltic coast (i.ee. Szczecin, Świnoujście, Koszalin, Łeba, Hel, Gdynia and Elbląg). The lower weather charts from the years 1998–2003 published by wetterzentrale (www.wetterzentrale.de/topkarten) formed a basis upon which to state the occurrence of different kinds of fronts. Irrespective of kind, the occurrence of a front causes an increase in precipitation totals, while there is a decrease on days without fronts (Table 1). The t-Student test shows that the influence of cold fronts on the precipitation pattern is more important in a warm season than in a cold one, while the effect of warm fronts is greater in a cold season. The highest mean daily precipitation totals along the Polish coast relate to the passage of an occluded front (Tab. 1, Tab. 2). Extreme high totals for precipitation are associated with cold fronts. There are single events with very high totals on days without fronts (Fig. 1) – 27.1 mm was the maximum daily precipitation total (mean for seven stations) recorded for days analyzed in the study. It was noted on September 13th 1999 and was associated with convective rainfall in conditions of a barometric trough. The breakdown of precipitation totals was also studied by size category, with the frequency of occurrence of daily totals within selected size intervals being presented (Fig. 2). The most frequent daily totals were of between 0.01 and 0.50 mm. The probability of moderate precipitation totals (in the 1.01–5.00 range) is higher in the presence of occluded fronts than when warm or cold fronts are passing through. Mean numbers of stations experiencing precipitation as selected fronts pass through were also calculated, as was the frequency of occurrence of precipitation at all stations in days with or without fronts (Figs. 3, 4).

Keywords: opady frontowe, polskie wybrzeże Bałtyku, testy t-studenta i chi kwadrat

Małgorzata Świątek [malgorzata.swiatek@usz.edu.pl], Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences University of Szczecin, ul. Mickiewicza 16, 70-383 Szczecin: Poland

Citation

APA: Świątek, M. (2009). Opady frontowe na polskim wybrzeżu Bałtyku. Przegląd Geograficzny, 81(1), 107-119. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2009.4.5
MLA: Świątek, Małgorzata. "Opady frontowe na polskim wybrzeżu Bałtyku". Przegląd Geograficzny, vol. 81, no. 1, 2009, pp. 107-119. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2009.4.5
Chicago: Świątek, Małgorzata. "Opady frontowe na polskim wybrzeżu Bałtyku". Przegląd Geograficzny 81, no. 1 (2009): 107-119. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2009.4.5
Harvard: Świątek, M. 2009. "Opady frontowe na polskim wybrzeżu Bałtyku". Przegląd Geograficzny, vol. 81, no. 1, pp. 107-119. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2009.4.5