Przegląd Geograficzny (2009) tom 81, zeszyt 4

Keywords: zróżnicowania społeczno-przestrzenne, analiza składowych głównych, Warszawa, struktura przestrzenna

Maciej Smętkowski [msmetkowski@uw.edu.pl], Uniwersytet Warszawski, Centrum Europejskich Studiów Regionalnych i Lokalnych

Citation

APA: Smętkowski, M. (2009). Zróżnicowania społeczno-przestrzenne Warszawy – inercja czy metamorfoza struktury miasta?. Przegląd Geograficzny, 81(4), 461-481. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2009.1.2
MLA: Smętkowski, Maciej. "Zróżnicowania społeczno-przestrzenne Warszawy – inercja czy metamorfoza struktury miasta?". Przegląd Geograficzny, vol. 81, no. 4, 2009, pp. 461-481. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2009.1.2
Chicago: Smętkowski, Maciej. "Zróżnicowania społeczno-przestrzenne Warszawy – inercja czy metamorfoza struktury miasta?". Przegląd Geograficzny 81, no. 4 (2009): 461-481. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2009.1.2
Harvard: Smętkowski, M. 2009. "Zróżnicowania społeczno-przestrzenne Warszawy – inercja czy metamorfoza struktury miasta?". Przegląd Geograficzny, vol. 81, no. 4, pp. 461-481. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2009.1.2

Abstract Since 1991, the observed parliamentary elections in Poland have been characterized by great spatial diversity in terms of support for individual political options. Among these options, it is possible to distinguish the right and the elitarian groupings deriving from the 1980’s opposition to the communist authorities, as well as the peasant and left camps to a large extent based around circles linked with the former system. The aforementioned options form two axes of division: an ideological one (left and right), and a socio-economic one (the peasant and elitarian camps). In the five investigated parliamentary elections (of 1993, 1997, 2001, 2005, 2007), it was mostly the peasant option and, to a lesser degree, the right-of-centre and left-of-centre parties that enjoyed widespread support from the rural population, with the elitarians only receiving much more limited backing. In general terms, the population from east-central Poland showed a preference for the peasant option; inhabitants living in the south and partly in the north (the Podlasie and Kaszuby regions) opted for the right, while western Poland supported the left. Among factors responsible for electoral behaviour, the population’s socio-professional profile and historical and cultural conditioning as broadly conceived are of primary significance. Differentiation of these factors has been shaped down the centuries. The period of the Partitions, which took place at a time of fundamental socio-economic transformation related to the transition from the agrarian to the industrial era, was of particular importance. Also crucial was the post-war shift in Poland’s borders, and the ensuing population migration; as well as changes in the system of ownership. The electoral behaviour of some regional groups forming distinct “islands” make it difficult to offer an unequivocal assessment of the major factors influencing electoral preferences. Nevertheless, the studies carried out indicate that there are clear connections between these factors, and that these relations are much stronger in rural areas than in towns or cities. The traditional forms of ownership (including individual farms) are conducive to the maintenance of traditional social structures, thus supporting cultural traditionalism. The profound economic transformations characteristic of Prussian industrialization, subsequently strengthened by the system under the Polish People’s Republic (nationalised agriculture) proved conducive to the erosion of traditional peasant culture.

Keywords: wybory parlamentarne, obszary wiejskie, Polska

Jerzy Bański [jbanski@twarda.pan.pl], Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00‑818 Warszawa, Poland
Mariusz Kowalski [mar.kow@twarda.pan.pl], Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00‑818 Warszawa, Poland
Marcin Mazur [m.mazur@twarda.pan.pl], Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00‑818 Warszawa, Poland

Citation

APA: Bański, J., Kowalski, M., & Mazur, M. (2009). Zachowania wyborcze mieszkańców polskiej wsi. Przegląd Geograficzny, 81(4), 483-506. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2009.1.3
MLA: Bański, Jerzy, et al. "Zachowania wyborcze mieszkańców polskiej wsi". Przegląd Geograficzny, vol. 81, no. 4, 2009, pp. 483-506. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2009.1.3
Chicago: Bański, Jerzy, Kowalski, Mariusz, and Mazur, Marcin. "Zachowania wyborcze mieszkańców polskiej wsi". Przegląd Geograficzny 81, no. 4 (2009): 483-506. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2009.1.3
Harvard: Bański, J., Kowalski, M., & Mazur, M. 2009. "Zachowania wyborcze mieszkańców polskiej wsi". Przegląd Geograficzny, vol. 81, no. 4, pp. 483-506. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2009.1.3

Abstract A synthetic assessment of the equipping of Poland’s voivodships with road and railway infrastructure was conducted to identify needs, as well as future action to be taken as regards infrastructure development. Reference was made to two main approaches to assessment: one providing econometric estimates of infrastructure productivity, where transport infrastructure equals public capital in production functions; and the other analyzing changes in regional road and rail accessibility. This paper in fact presents an indicator incorporating both the quantity and the quality of road and rail infrastructure, with two widely-used density indicators relating to population and area being applied. A third indicator including both population and area was also taken into account. A comparison of Poland’s voivodships was made on the basis of the results. Particular attention has been paid to operational work on the state road network and train operations. Traffic intensity was found to vary markedly between voivodships, and this should be the main reason to improve the degree to which given areas are equipped with road and rail infrastructure. It is concluded overall that the shares of operational work regions account for correlate strongly with the shares of GDP they take. Priority should thus be given to investment in voivodships displaying the highest level of operational work, in particular centrally-located regions. The second goal of the investment policy should be attained via investments in the regions of highest GDP growth, because operational work is probably going to be higher there as well. Eventually, infrastructure should also be improved in regions where the needs as regards operational work are less urgent, e.g. in south-eastern Poland – an area that unfortunately suffers from poor transport infrastructure. The conclusion is nevertheless that asymmetrical investments leading to greater differences in equipping with infrastructure from region to region do represent the best solution for Poland at this time.

Keywords: infrastruktura drogowa, infrastruktura kolejowa, analiza wskaźnikowa, gęstość sieci, praca eksploatacyjna

Piotr Rosik [rosik@twarda.pan.pl], Instytut Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania im. S. Leszczyckiego PAN

Citation

APA: Rosik, P. (2009). Syntetyczna ocena drogowego i kolejowego wyposażenia infrastrukturalnego województw. Przegląd Geograficzny, 81(4), 507-526. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2009.1.4
MLA: Rosik, Piotr. "Syntetyczna ocena drogowego i kolejowego wyposażenia infrastrukturalnego województw". Przegląd Geograficzny, vol. 81, no. 4, 2009, pp. 507-526. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2009.1.4
Chicago: Rosik, Piotr. "Syntetyczna ocena drogowego i kolejowego wyposażenia infrastrukturalnego województw". Przegląd Geograficzny 81, no. 4 (2009): 507-526. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2009.1.4
Harvard: Rosik, P. 2009. "Syntetyczna ocena drogowego i kolejowego wyposażenia infrastrukturalnego województw". Przegląd Geograficzny, vol. 81, no. 4, pp. 507-526. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2009.1.4

Abstract This paper presenting the geopolitical achievements of well-known German geographer Karl Haushofer begins with a summary of Haushofer’s life and major achievements in politics and research. While the subject’s contacts with Hitler are recalled, it is stressed that – notwithstanding his opinions regarding nationalistm and superpower status – Haushofer acceptedneither Nazism nor anti-Semitism. The article goes on to present the main geopolitical concepts of its subject, of which the first concerned the new order (neue Ordnung), an advocation of major changes in Germany, not least in respect of a revised Treaty of Versailles. While these opinions from Haushofer were nothing more (lacking a scientific basis), they did initiate important political processes in Germany. The second concept discussed concerns world Pan-regions, as construed in relation to history, geography and philosophy, with a view to the world being divided into large territorial units both politically and geographically based. One of t Haushofer’s best-known definitions has world reduced to just the Pan-European, Pan-American, Pan-Russian and Pan-Pacific regions. Pan-Europe is (naturally) within the German zone of influence, with its capital in Berlin. It extends across Europe (excluding Russia, Ukraine and Byelorussia), as well as throughout Africa and the Middle East as broadly conceived. The Pan-Russian region in turn consists of the European part of Russia plus Byelorussia and Ukraine, western and eastern Siberia, Iran, Afghanistan and the whole Indian peninsula. The Pan-Pacific region was based on China with Tibet and Mongolia, the Russian Far East, South-Eastern Asia, Australia and New Zealand and the Pacific Islands. The whole of that area was regarded as under the influence of Japan, leaving the Pan-American continent as supposedly dependent on the United States. The third analysed concept was a project for a so-called geopolitical “triangle”, which had a clearly political character and was created in 1940 as a reflection of the political pact between Germany, Italy and Japan. Haushofer sought to analysing the political and territorial consequences of this pact. One of the most important Haushofer concepts was the idea of the Euro-Asiatic Continental Block (Die Kontinentalblock Mitteleuropa–Eurasien–Japan). This was based on the geopolitical pact between Berlin, Moscow and Tokyo. The project was put into effect between August 1939 and December 1940, before finally being buried with Germany’s invasion of the USSR. This concept in fact referred to the well-known Mackinder ‘Heartland’ theory, and anticipated a future confrontation between land and maritime superpowers. A further part of the text focuses on Haushofer’s views of Poland, which were both critical and hostile, and hence in line with its author’s strong support for the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact that liquidated the Polish state. This paper concludes with an analysis of Haushofer’s scientific works and his outlook on the world. Though opposing Hitler during the last phase of World War II, Haushofer was nevertheless representative of extreme nationalism. However, if the political opinions can be put to one side, it is possible to note the major contribution made by Haushofer’s works to the development of political geography.

Keywords: Karl Haushofer, Niemcy (kraj), geopolityka

Piotr Eberhardt [p.ebe@twarda.pan.pl], Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00‑818 Warszawa, Poland

Citation

APA: Eberhardt, P. (2009). Koncepcje geopolityczne Karla Haushofera. Przegląd Geograficzny, 81(4), 527-549. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2009.1.5
MLA: Eberhardt, Piotr. "Koncepcje geopolityczne Karla Haushofera". Przegląd Geograficzny, vol. 81, no. 4, 2009, pp. 527-549. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2009.1.5
Chicago: Eberhardt, Piotr. "Koncepcje geopolityczne Karla Haushofera". Przegląd Geograficzny 81, no. 4 (2009): 527-549. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2009.1.5
Harvard: Eberhardt, P. 2009. "Koncepcje geopolityczne Karla Haushofera". Przegląd Geograficzny, vol. 81, no. 4, pp. 527-549. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2009.1.5

Keywords: bibliometria, Polska, analiza cytowań, Google Scholar, wyszukiwarki internetowe, czasopisma geograficzne, historia geografii

Przemysław Śleszyński [psleszyn@twarda.pan.pl], Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00‑818 Warszawa, Poland

Citation

APA: Śleszyński, P. (2009). Pozycja polskich czasopism i serii geograficznych w świetle baz Google Scholar. Przegląd Geograficzny, 81(4), 551-578. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2009.1.6
MLA: Śleszyński, Przemysław. "Pozycja polskich czasopism i serii geograficznych w świetle baz Google Scholar". Przegląd Geograficzny, vol. 81, no. 4, 2009, pp. 551-578. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2009.1.6
Chicago: Śleszyński, Przemysław. "Pozycja polskich czasopism i serii geograficznych w świetle baz Google Scholar". Przegląd Geograficzny 81, no. 4 (2009): 551-578. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2009.1.6
Harvard: Śleszyński, P. 2009. "Pozycja polskich czasopism i serii geograficznych w świetle baz Google Scholar". Przegląd Geograficzny, vol. 81, no. 4, pp. 551-578. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2009.1.6

Keywords: informacja przestrzenna, narzędzia, Observatoire des territoires

Przemysław Śleszyński [psleszyn@twarda.pan.pl], Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00‑818 Warszawa, Poland

Citation

APA: Śleszyński, P. (2009). Observatoire des territoires jako narzędzie analiz informacji przestrzennej. Przegląd Geograficzny, 81(4), 579-583. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2009.1.7
MLA: Śleszyński, Przemysław. "Observatoire des territoires jako narzędzie analiz informacji przestrzennej". Przegląd Geograficzny, vol. 81, no. 4, 2009, pp. 579-583. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2009.1.7
Chicago: Śleszyński, Przemysław. "Observatoire des territoires jako narzędzie analiz informacji przestrzennej". Przegląd Geograficzny 81, no. 4 (2009): 579-583. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2009.1.7
Harvard: Śleszyński, P. 2009. "Observatoire des territoires jako narzędzie analiz informacji przestrzennej". Przegląd Geograficzny, vol. 81, no. 4, pp. 579-583. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2009.1.7